bvle-voxels/shaders/voxelMeshCS.hlsl

// BVLE Voxels - GPU Compute Mesher (Binary Face Culling only)
// 1 thread per voxel: checks 6 neighbors, emits 1x1 PackedQuad per visible face.
// No greedy merge — this is the simple GPU baseline.
// Phase 3: blend info is computed per-pixel in the PS (not pre-encoded here).

#include "voxelCommon.hlsli"

// Push constants: chunk index + output offset
struct MeshPush {
    uint chunkIndex;          // which chunk to mesh
    uint voxelBufferOffset;   // offset into the voxel data buffer (in uint16 pairs)
    uint quadBufferOffset;    // offset into the output quad buffer (in quads)
    uint maxOutputQuads;      // safety cap on output
    uint pad[8];              // pad to 48 bytes (12 x uint32)
};
[[vk::push_constant]] ConstantBuffer<MeshPush> push : register(b999);

// Input: voxel data for one chunk (32^3 = 32768 voxels, packed as uint16 pairs in uint)
// Each uint holds 2 voxels: low 16 bits = voxel A, high 16 bits = voxel B
StructuredBuffer<uint> voxelData : register(t0);

// Output: packed quads (append buffer with atomic counter)
RWStructuredBuffer<uint2> outputQuads : register(u0);  // uint2 = 8 bytes = PackedQuad
RWByteAddressBuffer quadCounter : register(u1);        // atomic counter

// Constants
static const uint CSIZE = 32;
static const uint CVOL = CSIZE * CSIZE * CSIZE; // 32768

// Read a single voxel (16-bit) from the packed buffer
uint readVoxel(uint flatIndex) {
    uint pairIndex = flatIndex >> 1;       // which uint (2 voxels per uint)
    uint shift = (flatIndex & 1) * 16;     // 0 or 16
    return (voxelData[push.voxelBufferOffset + pairIndex] >> shift) & 0xFFFF;
}

// Check if neighbor is air (handles out-of-bounds as air for chunk boundaries)
bool isNeighborAir(int3 pos, int3 dir) {
    int3 n = pos + dir;
    // Out-of-chunk = treat as air (boundary faces always visible)
    if (any(n < 0) || any(n >= (int3)CSIZE))
        return true;
    uint flatN = (uint)n.x + (uint)n.y * CSIZE + (uint)n.z * CSIZE * CSIZE;
    return readVoxel(flatN) == 0; // materialID 0 = air
}

// Pack a quad into uint2 (matches CPU PackedQuad format)
// chunkIdx is stored in bits [27:17] of hi word for VS lookup
uint2 packQuad(uint x, uint y, uint z, uint w, uint h, uint face, uint matID, uint chunkIdx) {
    uint lo = x | (y << 6) | (z << 12) | (w << 18) | (h << 24) | (face << 30);
    uint hi = (face >> 2) | (matID << 1) | ((chunkIdx & 0x7FF) << 17);
    return uint2(lo, hi);
}

// Face directions
static const int3 faceDirs[6] = {
    int3( 1, 0, 0), int3(-1, 0, 0),
    int3( 0, 1, 0), int3( 0,-1, 0),
    int3( 0, 0, 1), int3( 0, 0,-1)
};

[RootSignature(VOXEL_ROOTSIG)]
[numthreads(8, 8, 8)]  // 512 threads = covers 32^3 with 64 groups of 512
void main(uint3 DTid : SV_DispatchThreadID)
{
    if (any(DTid >= CSIZE)) return;

    uint flatIdx = DTid.x + DTid.y * CSIZE + DTid.z * CSIZE * CSIZE;
    uint voxel = readVoxel(flatIdx);
    if (voxel == 0) return; // air voxel, nothing to emit

    uint matID = voxel >> 8; // high 8 bits = material ID

    // Check each face direction
    [unroll]
    for (uint f = 0; f < 6; f++) {
        if (!isNeighborAir((int3)DTid, faceDirs[f])) continue;

        // Emit a 1x1 quad
        uint slot;
        quadCounter.InterlockedAdd(0, 1, slot);
        if (slot >= push.maxOutputQuads) return; // overflow guard

        outputQuads[push.quadBufferOffset + slot] = packQuad(
            DTid.x, DTid.y, DTid.z, 1, 1, f, matID, push.chunkIndex
        );
    }
}